Iyakkaviyal - Mechanics

⚙️ Mechanics (Iyakkaviyal / Mechanics) – Full explanation

Mechanics is an important branch of physics that deals with the motion of objects and the forces that cause it. It explains how objects move, why they move and according to what rules they move.

📌 Motion

When an object changes its position with time it is called motion. Example: Running cart, Walking man.

📏 Basic Quantities

• Distance:Length of route traveled
• Displacement:Direct distance from start to finish position
• Speed:Distance / Time
• Velocity:Speed ​​with direction
• Acceleration:Velocity change / time

⚡ Force

A force is what changes the motion of an object. Force causes the object to move, stop, or change direction.

🧲 Types of keys

• ✔ Gravitational Force
• ✔ Friction
• ✔ Electromagnetic Force

📘 Newton's Laws of Motion

• 1. First Rule:If there is no external force, the object will either remain at rest or move with constant velocity.
• 2. Second Rule:Force = Mass × Acceleration (F = ma)
• 3. Rule Three:Every action produces an equal reaction.

⚙️ Work, Energy, Power

• Work:Force × displacement
• Energy:Ability to work
• Power:Work / Time

TNPSC Exams include “What is Velocity?”, “Newton's Laws?”, “What is Force?” Questions like Frequently asked questions from this topic.

Therefore, dynamics is a fundamental and very important topic in physics.

⚙️ Newton's Laws of Motion – Full Explanation

Newton's laws of motion are the fundamental laws of motion and force. These laws were developed by Sir Isaac Newton.

1. First Law of Motion

An object continues at rest or in unidirectional motion with uniform velocity. Its state changes only when an external force is applied.

👉 It is also known as “Law of Inertia”.

2. Second Law of Motion

Acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to the force acting on it, It is also inverse of its mass.

👉 Mathematical Form:

where F = force, m = mass, a = acceleration.

3. Third Law of Motion

Every action produces an equal and opposite reaction.

👉 Example: A gun is pushed back while firing.

⚡ Key examples

• ✔ A person standing in a bus is pushed forward in a sudden stop (first rule)
• ✔ The greater the force, the faster the object moves (second law)
• ✔ When the rocket goes up, the gas is pushed down (third law)

“Who said F=ma?”, “What is Inertia?”, “Law of Action Reaction?” in TNPSC Exams. Questions like Frequently asked questions from this topic.

Therefore, Newton's laws of motion are a very important fundamental concept in physics.

📐 Equations of Motion (Iyakka Samanpaadugal / Equations of Motion) – Full explanation

The equations of motion are those with uniform acceleration in the same direction (Uniform Acceleration). Mathematical equations that describe the motion of moving objects.

📘 Key dimensions

• u– Initial Velocity
• v– Final Velocity
• a– Acceleration
• t– Time
• s– Displacement

⚡ 3 key equations

👉 1. First Equation:

👉 2. Second Equation:

👉 3. Third Equation:

📊 application

• ✔ Calculate the speed of the cart
• ✔ To find distance of falling objects
• ✔ Calculate time and speed

💡 Example

If an object initially moves from rest (u = 0) with an acceleration of 10 m/s² for 5 seconds:

👉 v = 0 + (10 × 5) = 50 m/s

In TNPSC Exams “v = u + at formula?”, “How many equations?”, “Which condition is used?” Questions like Frequently asked questions from this topic.

Therefore, equations of motion are a very important mathematical foundational topic in physics.

⚡ Undham / Momentum – Full description

Momentum is a physical quantity that indicates the amount of motion of an object. It is the product of the object's mass and velocity.

📘 Definition of momentum

Momentum of an object = its mass × velocity.

where p = momentum, m = mass, v = velocity.

⚡ Unit of momentum

• ✔ SI unit: kg·m/s

Law of Conservation of Momentum

In the absence of an external force, the total momentum remains constant in a closed system.

👉 Means:

🚀 Examples

• ✔ Being pushed back while firing
• ✔ Gas is pushed down as the rocket goes up
• ✔ Velocity change when two cars collide

💡 Key features

• ✔ The greater the mass, the greater the momentum
• ✔ The greater the speed, the greater the momentum
• ✔ Momentum is a vector quantity

“What is momentum?”, “What is p=mv?”, “What is conservation law?” in TNPSC exams. Questions like Frequently asked questions from this topic.

Therefore, momentum is a very important fundamental concept in mechanics.

🧲 Key Types & Applications (Visai Vagaikal & Applications) – Full Explanation

Force is the cause of changing the position or motion of an object. It helps the object to move, stop or change its direction.

📘 Definition of key

An action that acts on an object and changes its motion is called a force.

⚡ Types of key

1. Contact Forces

• ✔ Friction:Object resists motion
• ✔ Push/Pull Force:Push or Pull
• ✔ Tension:By rope or wire

2. Non-Contact Forces

• ✔ Gravitational Force:Earth pulls objects
• ✔ Magnetic Force:The magnet works
• ✔ Electrostatic Force:Electric attraction/repulsion

📊 Key applications

• ✔ Driving vehicles
• ✔ Lifting objects
• ✔ Opening/Closing doors
• ✔ Sports activities
• ✔ Machines operation

💡 Effects of force

• ✔ Change shape of object
• ✔ Change speed
• ✔ Change direction
• ✔ Start/stop movement

“What are the types of force?”, “Frictional force?”, “Non-contact force?” in TNPSC exams. Questions like Frequently asked questions from this topic.

Therefore, force and its types are a fundamental and important topic in mechanics.