Pathinen Kilkanakku Noolgal

📖 The following eighteen books – Preface

The Eighteen Below is an important collection of Tamil literature that emerged after the Sangam period. These books simply explain the morals, virtues and ethics of human life.

Eighteen undercounting texts are very important part of competitive exams like TNPSC. Questions are often asked from texts like Naladiyar, Nanmanikadigai, Thirukkural. But many people find this part a bit confusing.

That is why, in this post, we are going to explain the following eighteen texts in a very simple and memorable way. Each book is divided separately and presented with important notes.

Simple Explanation + Important Notes + Exam Objective — This is a complete guide that combines all three.

📘 Eighteen books below – Introduction

The following eighteen texts constitute the main body of Tamil literature that emerged after the Sangam period. These books mostly date from AD. Considered to have been composed between the 3rd and 6th centuries.

These books known as “Keedkaganku” are necessary for the life of common peopleVirtue, morality, morality, good conductetc. are explained simply. Thus these are also considered life guide books.

In this collection of 18 books in total,Naladiyar, Nanmanikadigai, Thirukkuralsuch as Important texts are included. Each book deals with an important aspect of human life.

These texts reflect the culture, morality and ethics of Tamil society. Even today these books are used as a guide in life.

📚 Eighteen Below Books – Full Explanation

The eighteen treatises are a major body of post-Sangam Tamil literature. These books were written in AD. Scholars believe that they were formed from the 3rd century to the 6th century.

These books are necessary for the life of the publicVirtue, morality, ethics, ways of lifeExplains in a simple way. Hence these are also considered life guide books.

📖 List of eighteen following books

• 1. Naladiyar
• 2. Four o'clock
• 3. Sweet forty
• 4. Inna Forty
• 5. One hundred and forty
• 6. Mixed Forty
• 7. Five times fifty
• 8. Seventy five
• 9. Proverb fifty
• 10. Thanimalai Hundred and Fifty
• 11. Thirukkural
• 12. Trikatugam
• 13. Asara temple
• 14. The proverbial four hundred
• 15. Surupanchamula
• 16. Muthuzhikanchi
• 17. Eladi
• 18. Manual

🔍 Key features

• ✔ Collection containing total 18 texts
• ✔ Ethics and morality are central
• ✔ Guide books for public life
• ✔ Written in simple language
• ✔ Considered as small letters

📌 Explanation of important texts

Naladiyar:Contains 400 songs. It tells how man should lead a good life.

Screw:A world-renowned book with three parts: Virtue, Materiality and Pleasure.

Sweet Forty:A book of good deeds to be done.

Inna Forty:Mentions evil deeds to be avoided.

Proverb Four Hundred:Collection of proverbs.

Asara Temple:A treatise on morals and ethics.

🎯 TNPSC is important

• ✔ Number of Threads (18)
• ✔ Significance of Thirukkural
• ✔ Inna / Iniyava forty differences
• ✔ Number of Naladiyar songs

📖 Naladiyar – Full Description

Naladiyar is one of the eighteen sub-texts. It is morality, virtue and good lifestyles It is a very important book to address.

📘 Name reason

Named “Naladiyar”, every songFour stepsIt came from having (tax). Hence it is called “Naladi + Yar”.

📊 Important information

• ✔ Number of Songs: 400
• ✔ Literary Genre: Prophecy
• ✔ Period: Post union period
• ✔ Authors: Many (Jain Sages)

📌 Character of the thread

Naladiyar explains in simple and profound way how a man should live a good life. It focuses on morality, character and virtue.

🧠 Key concepts

• ✔ Good friends are important
• ✔ Avoid evil people
• ✔ Increases education and knowledge
• ✔ Patience and humility are essential
• ✔ Life is impermanent

📖 Example comment

Naladiyar songs reflect the impermanence of human life. They advise to do good deeds.

🎯 TNPSC is important

• ✔ Naladiyar = 400 songs
• ✔ Each song is 4 beats
• ✔ Composed by Jain sages
• ✔ Proverbs genre

📖 Nine o'clock – Full description

Nanamikadigai is one of the eighteen sub-texts. It is the best book of Proverbs which expounds morality, virtue and virtuous life.

📘 Name reason

The name “Namanikadigai” means four auspicious thoughts like a kadigai (evening). It came about because of the colloquial nature. That means each song has four important concepts.

📊 Important information

• ✔ Number of Songs: 100
• ✔ Literary Genre: Prophecy
• ✔ Period: Post union period
• ✔ Author: Vlambi Naganar

📌 Character of the thread

Four o'clock virtues to follow in human life Explains in simple language. Because each song offers many good ideas in one place This is a very useful book.

🧠 Key concepts

• ✔ Good behavior elevates life
• ✔ One should avoid evil deeds
• ✔ Education and knowledge are important
• ✔ Good friends are essential
• ✔ Patience and humility are important

📖 Example comment

Four-hour hymns promote human virtue, They guide to attain higher position in the society.

🎯 TNPSC is important

• ✔ 9 hours = 100 songs
• ✔ Author: Vlambi Naganar
• ✔ Each song has multiple comments
• ✔ Proverbs genre

📖 Sweet Forty – Full Description

Iniyavai Prapattu is one of the eighteen sub-texts. It is an important book of Proverbs that mentions the good deeds and good qualities that man should do.

📘 Name reason

The name “Sweet Forty” is considered pleasant and good in human life Actions came from 40 hymns.

📊 Important information

• ✔ Number of Songs: 40
• ✔ Literary Genre: Prophecy
• ✔ Period: Post union period
• ✔ Author: Boothanchendar

📌 Character of the thread

Iniyavai Forty explains in a simple way the good qualities that a man should follow in life. Each song highlights the actions that bring good in human life.

🧠 Key concepts

• ✔ Good behavior is very important
• ✔ Speaking sweetly
• ✔ Helping others
• ✔ Increases education and knowledge
• ✔ Don't forget to give thanks

📖 Example comment

Iniyavai Forty tells the ways in which man should live happily. Emphasizes that good words, good deeds and good thoughts elevate life.

🎯 TNPSC is important

• ✔ Sweet forty = 40 songs
• ✔ Author: Boothanchendar
• ✔ Book of good deeds
• ✔ Proverbs genre

📖 Inna Forty – Full Explanation

Inna Forty is one of the Eighteen Downfall books. It is an important book of Proverbs that highlights the evil deeds and bad traits that man should avoid.

📘 Name reason

The name “Inna Forty” is a mischief in human life and should not be done Actions came from 40 hymns.

📊 Important information

• ✔ Number of Songs: 40
• ✔ Literary Genre: Prophecy
• ✔ Period: Post union period
• ✔ Author: Kapilar

📌 Character of the thread

Inna Forty simply outlines what a man should not do. Emphasizes that evil qualities cause suffering in life.

🧠 Key concepts

• ✔ Evil behavior spoils life
• ✔ Lying is wrong
• ✔ Avoid bad friends
• ✔ Forgetting to thank is a mistake
• ✔ Anger and ego are harmful

📖 Example comment

Inna Forty points out the actions that cause suffering in human life, advises to avoid them.

🎯 TNPSC is important

• ✔ Inna Forty = 40 songs
• ✔ Author: Kapilar
• ✔ A book about evil deeds
• ✔ Proverbs genre

📖 One Hundred and Forty – Full Description

The Forty is one of the eighteen scriptures. It is romantic literature and is centered around the rainy season.

📘 Name reason

"Car" means rain. Romantic feelings in rainy season It is called “Forty” because it is recited in 40 hymns.

📊 Important information

• ✔ Number of Songs: 40
• ✔ Literary Genre: Agam (Romance)
• ✔ Period: Post union period
• ✔ Author: Kannankoothanar of Madurai

📌 Character of the thread

Fifteen love expresses the feelings of life very beautifully. Expresses the mood of lovers especially in the environment of rainy season.

🧠 Key concepts

• ✔ Rainy season and romantic feelings
• ✔ Sense of Division and Addition
• ✔ Nature and human sensory interaction
• ✔ Waiting for beloved
• ✔ Mood swings

📖 Example comment

In the raining environment, the sadness of the lover because the lover does not come and This book beautifully explains feelings like anticipation.

🎯 TNPSC is important

• ✔ Fifty = 40 songs
• ✔ Rain (car) centered
• ✔ Inner (love) literature
• ✔ Author: Kannankoothanar of Madurai

📖 Kalavai Forty – Full Explanation

The Kalavāpapadu is one of the eighteen sub-texts. It is objective (puram) oriented literature and deals with battlefield life.

📘 Name reason

"Kalaway" refers to the route taken by soldiers in battle. By recounting heroic deeds on the battlefield in 40 hymns This is known as “Kalavai Parvadu”.

📊 Important information

• ✔ Number of Songs: 40
• ✔ Genre of Literature: Puram (Battle / Valor)
• ✔ Period: Post union period
• ✔ Author: Poikaiyar

📌 Character of the thread

Kalawadi highlights the bravery, sacrifice and glory of the soldiers in the Forty War. It is a book that highlights heroic life.

🧠 Key concepts

• ✔ Valor and Courage
• ✔ Sacrifice in war
• ✔ King's fame
• ✔ Difficult level of battle
• ✔ Pride of players

📖 Example comment

The pride of the soldiers who risked their lives on the battlefield This book speaks volumes.

🎯 TNPSC is important

• ✔ Kalavai Forty = 40 songs
• ✔ Puram (war) literature
• ✔ Author: Poikaiyar
• ✔ Heroic life is central

📖 Five and fifty – full explanation

Five-fifty is one of the eighteen scriptures. It is agham (love) literature and is based on five chapters.

📘 Name reason

“Aindhanai” refers to the five departments of Kurinji, Mullai, Marutham, Neithal and Balai. It is called “Fifty Five” as it consists of 50 songs organized in these five sections.

📊 Important information

• ✔ Number of Songs: 50
• ✔ Literary Genre: Agam (Romance)
• ✔ Period: Post union period
• ✔ Authors: Many

📌 Character of the thread

Five-fifty Love explores the various stages of life in conjunction with the natural environment. Each verse represents a state of love.

🌿 Five departments

• ✔ Kurinji – Addition (Merger)
• ✔ Mullai – Waiting
• ✔ Marutham – Joint life / dispute
• ✔ Weaving – Division / Distress
• ✔ Milk – Division / Long distance travel

🧠 Key concepts

• ✔ Stages of love life
• ✔ Nature and human sensory interaction
• ✔ Wait and segment
• ✔ Fusion and relationship

📖 Example comment

Associate the feelings of lover and lover with the five states of nature This book explains very beautifully.

🎯 TNPSC is important

• ✔ Five times fifty = 50 songs
• ✔ 5 Departments (Kurinji, Mullai, Marutham, Weaving, Milk)
• ✔ Inner (love) literature
• ✔ Many teachers

📖 Seventy Five – Full Explanation

The Seventy-Five is one of the eighteen scriptures. It is agham (love) literature and is based on five chapters.

📘 Name reason

“Aindhanai” refers to the five departments of Kurinji, Mullai, Marutham, Neithal and Balai. It is known as the “Five Seventy” because it consists of 70 hymns organized in these five sections.

📊 Important information

• ✔ Number of Songs: 70
• ✔ Literary Genre: Agam (Romance)
• ✔ Period: Post union period
• ✔ Authors: Many

📌 Character of the thread

Seventy-five different stages of love life with the five elements of nature Connects and explains. It is a great literature that combines human emotions and nature.

🌿 Five departments

• ✔ Kurinji – Addition (Merger)
• ✔ Mullai – Waiting
• ✔ Marutham – Dispute / Joint life
• ✔ Weaving – Division / Distress
• ✔ Milk – Division / Long distance travel

🧠 Key concepts

• ✔ Stages of love life
• ✔ Nature and human sensory interaction
• ✔ Waiting, Addition, Division
• ✔ Mood swings

📖 Example comment

Combine the feelings of lovers with the five stages of nature The fifty-seventh verse is the most beautifully presented literature.

🎯 TNPSC is important

• ✔ Five seventy = 70 songs
• ✔ 5 departments are important
• ✔ Inner (love) literature
• ✔ Many teachers

📖 Proverb Fifty – Full Explanation

Dhinimaozhi Impadu is one of the eighteen sub-texts. It is literature based on Agama (love) and explains the language and characteristics of the five faculties.

📘 Name reason

“Departmental Language” means the language, sentiment and characteristics of each Department. It is called “Fifty Songs” as it has 50 songs based on five verses.

📊 Important information

• ✔ Number of Songs: 50
• ✔ Literary Genre: Agam (Romance)
• ✔ Period: Post union period
• ✔ Authors: Many

📌 Character of the thread

Thani Moozhi fifty feelings in love life, Addresses each department through appropriate language and characteristics.

🌿 Five departments

• ✔ Kurinji – Admission
• ✔ Mullai – Waiting
• ✔ Marutham – Dispute / Joint life
• ✔ Weaving – Division / Distress
• ✔ Milk – Division / Travel

🧠 Key concepts

• ✔ Language and character appropriate to the department
• ✔ Stages of love life
• ✔ Nature and emotional connection
• ✔ Change the language according to the situation

📖 Example comment

How human emotions are manifested in each department This book explains very beautifully through language.

🎯 TNPSC is important

• ✔ Dhanimozhi fifty = 50 songs
• ✔ Department + Language communication
• ✔ Internal literature
• ✔ Many teachers

📖 Thanimalai Hundred Fifty – Full Explanation

Dhināmalai 150 is one of the eighteen down-count texts. It is agham (love) literature and is based on five chapters.

📘 Name reason

“Dhainamalai” means evening (consecutive) collection of Departments. It is called “One Hundred and Fifty” because it has 150 songs.

📊 Important information

• ✔ Number of Songs: 150
• ✔ Literary Genre: Agam (Romance)
• ✔ Period: Post union period
• ✔ Authors: Many

📌 Character of the thread

Thanimalai One Hundred and Fifty Different Stages of Love Life Continually (eveningly) recites based on five verses.

🌿 Five departments

• ✔ Kurinji – Admission
• ✔ Mullai – Waiting
• ✔ Marutham – Dispute / Joint life
• ✔ Weaving – Division / Distress
• ✔ Milk – Division / Travel

🧠 Key concepts

• ✔ Full levels of love life
• ✔ Continuity of Departments (Evening Format)
• ✔ Nature and human emotional connection
• ✔ Segmentation, Addition, Waiting

📖 Example comment

A lover's entire life is based on five aspects Thanimalai Peoritayambat is a book that is beautifully presented as a garland.

🎯 TNPSC is important

• ✔ Thinaimalai hundred and fifty = 150 songs
• ✔ Departments in garland form
• ✔ Internal literature
• ✔ Many teachers

📖 Thirukkural – Full Description

Thirukkural is the most important and world famous among the eighteen scriptures. It is a great book of charity which briefly and profoundly addresses the entire ethics of human life.

📘 Teacher

He composed ThirukkuralaiThiruvalluvar. He holds the highest place in the history of Tamil literature.

📊 Important information

• ✔ Number of Kurals: 1330
• ✔ Powers: 133
• ✔ Each Power: 10 Kurlas
• ✔ Genre of Literature: Charity

📚 Three parts

• By charity– Virtue (38 Powers)
• Because of– Social Life / Politics (70 Powers)
• by lust– Love (25 powers)

📌 Character of the thread

How a Thirukkural Man Should Live in Very Simple Two Steps (in Kural Shape) Addresses with profound ideas. It provides general ethics applicable to any human being in the world.

🧠 Key concepts

• ✔ Virtue and Virtue
• ✔ Good governance and politics
• ✔ Family life
• ✔ Friendship, education, character
• ✔ Love and feelings

📖 Example Kural

"Adi is the first letter of the alphabet
The world before God”

(Just as 'a' comes first for letters, God is first for the world as well)

🎯 TNPSC is important

• ✔ 1330 marks
• ✔ 133 Powers
• ✔ 3 parts
• ✔ Author: Thiruvalluvar

📖 Trikatugam – Full Explanation

Trikatugam is one of the eighteen scriptures. It is an important book of law that outlines the morals and ethics necessary for human life.

📘 Name reason

“Trikatugam” refers to the three bitter herbs (suku, pepper, thippili). As these three ingredients benefit the body, This book also highlights three important principles.

📊 Important information

• ✔ Number of Songs: 100
• ✔ Literary Genre: Prophecy
• ✔ Period: Post union period
• ✔ Teacher: Good

📌 Character of the thread

Trikatugam addresses the essential norms in human life in three concepts. This book is unique because each song explains three important principles.

🧠 Key concepts

• ✔ Discipline elevates life
• ✔ Education and knowledge are important
• ✔ One should avoid evil deeds
• ✔ Good friends are essential
• ✔ Humility and patience

📖 Example comment

Just as the body needs medicine, human life also needs ethics and morals This book addresses.

🎯 TNPSC is important

• ✔ Trikatugam = 100 songs
• ✔ Teacher: Good
• ✔ 3 Comments (Sukku, Pepper, Tippili)
• ✔ Proverbs genre

📖 Asara Temple – Full Description

Asarakovai is one of the eighteen sub-texts. It is an important book of law that deals with morals and good conduct of man.

📘 Name reason

“Etiquette” means morality and good conduct. “Coimbatore” means collection. Hence, it is called “Aasaracovai” as it is a collection of ethical concepts.

📊 Important information

• ✔ Number of Songs: 100
• ✔ Literary Genre: Prophecy
• ✔ Period: Post union period
• ✔ Author: Peruvain Mulliyar

📌 Character of the thread

Ethical rules and ethics that a person should follow in life Explains clearly. It covers many aspects from individual life to social life.

🧠 Key concepts

• ✔ Discipline elevates man
• ✔ Respect elders
• ✔ Good behavior is essential
• ✔ Avoid falsehood and evil deeds
• ✔ Follow social norms

📖 Example comment

If man wants to live well in society, This book emphasizes the importance of discipline and character.

🎯 TNPSC is important

• ✔ Asarakowai = 100 songs
• ✔ Author: Peruvain Mulliyar
• ✔ Moral text
• ✔ Proverbs genre

📖 Proverbs Four Hundred – Full Explanation

Proverbs Four Hundred is one of eighteen treatises. It is based on proverbs and highlights the ethics required for human life It is an important scripture.

📘 Name reason

"Proverb" refers to ancient folk advice. It is called “Four Hundred” because it has 400 songs. Hence, it is a collection of 400 songs based on proverbs.

📊 Important information

• ✔ Number of Songs: 400
• ✔ Literary Genre: Prophecy
• ✔ Period: Post union period
• ✔ Teacher: Slap in front

📌 Character of the thread

Proverb With proverbs derived from the experiences of four hundred men Explains the principles of life. It is a book that reflects the experiential knowledge of people's lives.

🧠 Key concepts

• ✔ Importance of experience
• ✔ Virtue and ethics
• ✔ Social life guidance
• ✔ Knowledge and wisdom
• ✔ Gratitude and Attitude

📖 Example comment

That proverbs from people's experience can be a guide in life This book addresses.

🎯 TNPSC is important

• ✔ Proverb four hundred = 400 songs
• ✔ Teacher: Slap in front
• ✔ Proverb based text
• ✔ Proverbs genre

📖 Shirupanchamula – Full explanation

Sirupanjamula is one of the eighteen sub-texts. It is an important book of law that outlines the morals and ethics necessary for human life.

📘 Name reason

“small + pancha + by” means five small herbs. As these herbs benefit the body, This book also mentions five important principles for life.

📊 Important information

• ✔ Number of Songs: 100
• ✔ Literary Genre: Prophecy
• ✔ Period: Post union period
• ✔ Author: Kariyasan

📌 Character of the thread

A few basic principles that man should follow in life Simply put. It provides principles that are medicine for life.

🧠 Key concepts

• ✔ Discipline and Good Conduct
• ✔ Good friends are important
• ✔ One should avoid evil deeds
• ✔ Education and knowledge
• ✔ Patience and humility

📖 Example comment

Just as medicine is needed for the body, good morals are also necessary for human life This book addresses.

🎯 TNPSC is important

• ✔ Sirupanchamula = 100 songs
• ✔ Author: Kariyasan
• ✔ 5 Core Principles
• ✔ Proverbs genre

📖 Muthumozhikanji – Full Description

Muthumozhikanji is one of the eighteen sub-texts. It is based on proverbs and empirical knowledge necessary for human life It is an important book of ethics.

📘 Name reason

"Ancient" refers to ancient admonitions or sayings. “Kanji” means collection or long song. Hence, it is called “Mutumozhikanchi” as it is a collection of proverbs.

📊 Important information

• ✔ Literary Genre: Prophecy
• ✔ Period: Post union period
• ✔ Author: Kudalur Kilar

📌 Character of the thread

With proverbs derived from the experiences of old people Explains the principles of life. It emphasizes the characteristics and morals to be followed in social life.

🧠 Key concepts

• ✔ Importance of experiential knowledge
• ✔ Virtue and ethics
• ✔ Respect the advice of elders
• ✔ Character and Discipline
• ✔ Life experience is the guide

📖 Example comment

Proverbs are a guide in life and guide man on the right path This book addresses.

🎯 TNPSC is important

• ✔ Author: Kudalur Kilar
• ✔ Proverb based book
• ✔ Proverbs genre

📖 Eladi – Full Description

Eladi is one of the eighteen sub-texts. It is an important book of law that outlines the morals and ethics necessary for human life.

📘 Name reason

“Eladi” refers to a medicine made up of several herbs. As that medicine benefits the body, this book is also necessary for life Addresses several norms together.

📊 Important information

• ✔ Number of Songs: 80
• ✔ Literary Genre: Prophecy
• ✔ Period: Post union period
• ✔ Author: Kanimethaviyar

📌 Character of the thread

Virtues to follow in human life Explains through various concepts. It provides principles that are medicine for life.

🧠 Key concepts

• ✔ Discipline and Good Conduct
• ✔ Education and knowledge are important
• ✔ Good friends are essential
• ✔ One should avoid evil deeds
• ✔ Character and patience

📖 Example comment

As many herbs together are a medicine for the body, This book highlights that many good morals are necessary for life.

🎯 TNPSC is important

• ✔ Eladi = 80 songs
• ✔ Author: Kanimethaviyar
• ✔ Multidisciplinary book
• ✔ Proverbs genre

📖 Manual – Full Description

The Manuscript is one of the eighteen canonical texts. It is agham (love) literature and deals with various stages of love life.

📘 Name reason

“Hand position” means position or situation. As it highlights the various stages and moods that occur in love life This is called “manuality”.

📊 Important information

• ✔ Literary Genre: Agam (Romance)
• ✔ Period: Post union period
• ✔ Author: Pullangadanar

📌 Character of the thread

Handstands love life's various stages, feelings and situations Simply put. This book beautifully reveals the changes in human mood.

🧠 Key concepts

• ✔ Stages of love life
• ✔ Mood swings
• ✔ Division and Addition
• ✔ Feelings and experiences

📖 Example comment

Various situations and moods in the life of lovers This book explains it beautifully.

🎯 TNPSC is important

• ✔ Manual = internal literature
• ✔ Author: Pullangadanar
• ✔ A text related to the stages of love

Eighteen are the following texts